{"id":255,"date":"2016-04-28T12:18:18","date_gmt":"2016-04-28T12:18:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/nz.pe.hu\/wordpress\/?p=255"},"modified":"2018-02-16T01:16:54","modified_gmt":"2018-02-16T00:16:54","slug":"egyszeru-dinamikus-oldal-php-vel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.zeon.nz\/wordpress\/web\/php-mysql\/egyszeru-dinamikus-oldal-php-vel\/","title":{"rendered":"Egyszer\u0171 dinamikus oldal elrendez\u00e9s PHP-vel"},"content":{"rendered":"<blockquote><p><strong>El\u0151k\u00e9pzetts\u00e9g (amir\u0151l itt nem lesz sz\u00f3 vagy csak a sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges m\u00e9rt\u00e9kben):<\/strong> programoz\u00e1si alapismeretek, PHP nyelvi elemek (v\u00e1ltoz\u00f3k, el\u00e1gaz\u00e1s, ciklusok, t\u00f6mb\u00f6k). A PHP egy \u00fan. <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_C-family_programming_languages\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"  class=\"wp-links-icon\">C-like<\/a> (C-szer\u0171) nyelv, ami azt jelenti, hogy szintaktikailag sokban hasonl\u00edt a C nyelvre (p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul kapcsos z\u00e1r\u00f3jelek alkalmaz\u00e1s utas\u00edt\u00e1sblokkhoz). Teh\u00e1t aki tanult m\u00e1r valamilyen C-szer\u0171 nyelvet (pl. C#), annak ezek nem jelenthetnek gondot.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Az egyik <a href=\"http:\/\/nz.pe.hu\/wordpress\/html-css\/egyszeru-navigacios-sav\/\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\"   class=\"wp-links-icon\">el\u0151z\u0151 postban<\/a> szerepl\u0151 <a href=\"http:\/\/nz.pe.hu\/examples\/Layout-2\/\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"  class=\"wp-links-icon\">Layout-2<\/a>-t fogjuk \u00fagy \u00e1talak\u00edtani, hogy a men\u00fcpontok m\u0171k\u00f6djenek. Mindezt dinamikusan, PHP-vel.<\/p>\n<h2>Mi\u00e9rt van sz\u00fcks\u00e9g PHP-re?<\/h2>\n<p>Egy weblapnak \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban vannak statikus, nem v\u00e1ltoz\u00f3 (header, footer) \u00e9s dinamikus v\u00e1ltoz\u00f3 (content) r\u00e9szei. Ha csak HTML seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel akarunk megval\u00f3s\u00edtani egy ilyen oldalt, akkor hivatkoz\u00e1saink mindig egy m\u00e1sik .html \u00e1llom\u00e1nyra mutatnak, melyekben a statikus r\u00e9szeket ugyan\u00fagy meg kell ism\u00e9teln\u00fcnk, mint a v\u00e1ltoz\u00f3 tartalmat. Ez nagyon megnehez\u00edten\u00e9 a statikus r\u00e9szek m\u00f3dos\u00edt\u00e1s\u00e1t, hiszen ah\u00e1ny oldal, annyiszor kellene elv\u00e9gezni. Itt j\u00f6n a k\u00e9pbe a PHP, seg\u00edts\u00e9g\u00e9vel a statikus \u00e9s dinamikus r\u00e9szeket sz\u00e9t tudjuk v\u00e1lasztani, ez\u00e1ltal mindegyik csak egyszer lesz t\u00e1rolva.<\/p>\n<p>A statikus r\u00e9szeket az <strong>index.php<\/strong>-ben hagyjuk, a v\u00e1ltoz\u00f3 r\u00e9szeket pedig k\u00fcl\u00f6n \u00e1llom\u00e1nyokba tessz\u00fck. A v\u00e1ltoz\u00f3 r\u00e9szek hely\u00e9re az <strong>index.php<\/strong>-ben PHP k\u00f3dot\u00a0helyez\u00fcnk, ami lefutva elv\u00e9gzi majd a v\u00e1ltoz\u00f3 r\u00e9szek bet\u00f6lt\u00e9s\u00e9t.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p>Ahhoz, hogy a PHP k\u00f3dok lefussanak, megfelel\u0151 <a href=\"http:\/\/nz.pe.hu\/wordpress\/fejlesztokornyezet\/php-fejlesztokornyezet-kialakitasa\/\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\"   class=\"wp-links-icon\">PHP-s fejleszt\u0151 k\u00f6rnyezetet<\/a> kell kialak\u00edtani \u00e9s a\u00a0<strong>.html<\/strong> kiterjeszt\u00e9st \u00e1t kell nevezni <strong>.php<\/strong>-re!!!<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h2>M\u00e1sik f\u00e1jl tartalm\u00e1nak beilleszt\u00e9se<\/h2>\n<p>A PHP leggyakrabban haszn\u00e1lt f\u00fcggv\u00e9nyei azok, amelyekkel m\u00e1sik \u00e1llom\u00e1nyok tartalma illeszthet\u0151 be abba az \u00e1llom\u00e1nyba, amelyb\u0151l a f\u00fcggv\u00e9nyt h\u00edvtuk. Ezek:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span class=\"lang:default decode:true crayon-inline \">include()<\/span>\u00a0: beilleszti a param\u00e9terben megadott f\u00e1jl tartalm\u00e1t, hiba eset\u00e9n <span class=\"lang:default decode:true crayon-inline \">FALSE<\/span>\u00a0 \u00e9rt\u00e9ket \u00e9s egy figyelmeztet\u00e9st (warning) ad vissza.<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"lang:default decode:true crayon-inline \">include_once()<\/span>\u00a0: hasonl\u00f3 az <span class=\"lang:default decode:true crayon-inline \">include()<\/span>\u00a0-hoz, azzal a k\u00fcl\u00f6nbs\u00e9ggel, hogy csak egyszer illeszt be egy f\u00e1jlt, elker\u00fclve a a t\u00f6bbsz\u00f6r\u00f6s beilleszt\u00e9ssel j\u00e1r\u00f3 probl\u00e9m\u00e1kat<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"lang:default decode:true crayon-inline\">require()<\/span>\u00a0: hasonl\u00f3\u00a0az <span class=\"lang:default decode:true crayon-inline \">include()<\/span>\u00a0-hoz, azzal a k\u00fcl\u00f6nbs\u00e9ggel, hogy hiba eset\u00e9n ford\u00edt\u00e1si hib\u00e1t (<strong>E_COMPILE_ERROR<\/strong> hibak\u00f3d) ad vissza \u00e9s meg\u00e1ll a script fut\u00e1sa<\/li>\n<li><span class=\"lang:default decode:true crayon-inline \">require_once()<\/span>\u00a0: ugyanaz, mint a <span class=\"lang:default decode:true crayon-inline \">require()<\/span>\u00a0, de csak egyszer v\u00e9gzi el a beilleszt\u00e9st<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>A beillesztend\u0151 (include) f\u00e1jlok l\u00e9trehoz\u00e1sa<\/h3>\n<p>El\u0151sz\u00f6r nevezz\u00fck \u00e1t az <strong>index.html<\/strong>-t <strong>index.php<\/strong>-re, majd hozzunk l\u00e9tre egy <strong>inc<\/strong>\u00a0nev\u0171 mapp\u00e1t. Ebben l\u00e9trehozunk az egyes men\u00fcpontoknak megfelel\u0151 <strong>.php<\/strong> \u00e1llom\u00e1nyokat:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>about.php<\/li>\n<li>contact.php<\/li>\n<li>home.php<\/li>\n<li>products.php<\/li>\n<li>services.php<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Az index.php-b\u0151l m\u00e1soljuk ki a <span class=\"lang:default decode:true crayon-inline\">content<\/span>\u00a0 azonos\u00edt\u00f3j\u00fa <span class=\"lang:default decode:true crayon-inline \">div<\/span>\u00a0 tartalm\u00e1t a <span class=\"lang:default decode:true crayon-inline\">home.php<\/span>\u00a0-be, a t\u00f6bbi \u00e1llom\u00e1nyba tegy\u00fcnk tetsz\u0151leges tartalmat, amit a hozz\u00e1 tartoz\u00f3\u00a0men\u00fcpont eset\u00e9n akarunk megjelen\u00edteni a <span class=\"lang:default decode:true crayon-inline\">div id=&#8221;content&#8221;<\/span>\u00a0 szakaszban.<\/p>\n<p>A <span class=\"lang:default decode:true crayon-inline \">home.php<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0tartalma:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang:xhtml decode:true \">&lt;h1&gt;Simple Gray Layout...&lt;\/h1&gt;\r\n&lt;p&gt;Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, et nemore deleniti sea, sale propriae eum ne, vim at detracto pericula. Et fuisset theophrastus usu, summo mnesarchum at mei. Est in iudico bonorum convenire. Te mea ipsum exerci vituperata, sit et hinc facer assentior. Vix id laudem regione urbanitas, falli suavitate vel et, wisi mazim dolorem id per. Te vel noster blandit.&lt;\/p&gt;\r\n&lt;h2&gt;Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet...&lt;\/h2&gt;\r\n&lt;p&gt;Iisque eloquentiam concludaturque nec cu, menandri\r\n...<\/pre>\n<p>A\u00a0<span class=\"lang:default decode:true crayon-inline \">content<\/span>\u00a0 azonos\u00edt\u00f3j\u00fa <span class=\"lang:default decode:true crayon-inline \">div<\/span>\u00a0-be tegy\u00fck a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 k\u00f3dot:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang:php decode:true\">&lt;?php\r\n    include_once(\"inc\/\" . $page . \".php\");\r\n?&gt;<\/pre>\n<p>A PHP-ben <span class=\"lang:default decode:true crayon-inline \">.<\/span>\u00a0-al lehet\u00a0stringeket \u00f6sszef\u0171zni. A <span class=\"lang:default decode:true crayon-inline \">$page<\/span>\u00a0 v\u00e1ltoz\u00f3ban fog szerepelni annak a men\u00fcnek a neve, amit be akarunk t\u00f6lteni.<\/p>\n<h2>A men\u00fc m\u00f3dos\u00edt\u00e1sa<\/h2>\n<p>Az eddig nem m\u0171k\u00f6d\u0151 men\u00fcnkben minden hivatkoz\u00e1s a <span class=\"lang:default decode:true crayon-inline \">#<\/span>\u00a0 c\u00edmk\u00e9re mutatott, ami az oldal tetej\u00e9re ugrott vissza. M\u00f3dos\u00edtsuk a men\u00fct a <span class=\"lang:default decode:true crayon-inline \">nav<\/span>\u00a0 azonos\u00edt\u00f3j\u00fa szakaszban:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang:xhtml decode:true\">&lt;div id=\"nav\"&gt;\r\n  &lt;ul&gt;\r\n    &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=\"index.php?page=home\"&gt;Home&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/li&gt;\r\n    &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=\"index.php?page=products\"&gt;Products&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/li&gt;\r\n    &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=\"index.php?page=services\"&gt;Services&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/li&gt;\r\n    &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=\"index.php?page=about\"&gt;About Us&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/li&gt;\r\n    &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=\"index.php?page=contact\"&gt;Contact&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/li&gt;\r\n  &lt;\/ul&gt;\r\n&lt;\/div&gt;\r\n<\/pre>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.zeon.nz\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image_2016-05-04_10-31-12.png\"  ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-medium wp-image-287\" src=\"http:\/\/www.zeon.nz\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image_2016-05-04_10-31-12-560x280.png\" alt=\"image_2016-05-04_10-31-12\" width=\"560\" height=\"280\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.zeon.nz\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image_2016-05-04_10-31-12-560x280.png 560w, https:\/\/www.zeon.nz\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image_2016-05-04_10-31-12-300x150.png 300w, https:\/\/www.zeon.nz\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image_2016-05-04_10-31-12-768x384.png 768w, https:\/\/www.zeon.nz\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image_2016-05-04_10-31-12-260x130.png 260w, https:\/\/www.zeon.nz\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image_2016-05-04_10-31-12-160x80.png 160w, https:\/\/www.zeon.nz\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image_2016-05-04_10-31-12.png 820w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 560px) 100vw, 560px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>A $page v\u00e1ltoz\u00f3, Query string \u00e9s a men\u00fck hivatkoz\u00e1sai<\/h2>\n<p>Hogyan ker\u00fcl a <span class=\"lang:default decode:true crayon-inline \">$page<\/span>\u00a0 v\u00e1ltoz\u00f3ba a hivatkozott men\u00fcpont neve? Term\u00e9szetesen az adott men\u00fcpont hivatkoz\u00e1s\u00e1b\u00f3l:\u00a0<span class=\"lang:default decode:true crayon-inline\">index.php?page=home<\/span>\u00a0, de ehhez nem \u00e1rt ismerni az <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Uniform_Resource_Locator\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"  class=\"wp-links-icon\">URL<\/a> (Uniform Resource Locator) r\u00e9szeit.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c1ltal\u00e1nos alakja:<\/p>\n<p><strong>scheme:[\/\/host[:port]][\/]path[?query][#fragment]<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>ahol:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>scheme:<\/strong> rendszer v. protokoll (pl. http:)<\/li>\n<li><strong>\/\/<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>host<\/strong>\u00a0az el\u00e9rni k\u00edv\u00e1nt g\u00e9p neve vagy IP c\u00edme<\/li>\n<li><strong>:port<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>\/path<\/strong>\u00a0el\u00e9r\u00e9si \u00fat<\/li>\n<li><strong>?query<\/strong>\u00a0a lek\u00e9r\u00e9shez f\u0171z\u0151tt\u00a0attrib\u00fatumok \u00e9s \u00e9rt\u00e9kek<\/li>\n<li><strong>#fragment<\/strong>\u00a0egy oldalon bel\u00fcl adott ponthoz g\u00f6rgeti a b\u00f6ng\u00e9sz\u0151 ablakot<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>A szok\u00e1sos jel\u00f6l\u00e9s szerint a sz\u00f6gletes z\u00e1r\u00f3jelben lev\u0151 r\u00e9szek nem k\u00f6telez\u0151ek, vagyis elhagyhat\u00f3ak. Az egyetlen k\u00f6telez\u0151 elem a <strong>path<\/strong>, ami az er\u0151forr\u00e1s (jellemz\u0151en f\u00e1jl) hely\u00e9t hat\u00e1rozza meg a szerveren.<\/p>\n<p>A query string \u00e1ltal\u00e1nos alakja:\u00a0<strong>?key1=value1&amp;key2=value2&amp;&#8230;<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>P\u00e9lda egy teljes hivatkoz\u00e1sra:\u00a0<strong>http:\/\/www.domain.com\/Layout-3\/index.php?page=services<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Relat\u00edv hivatkoz\u00e1s a <strong>host<\/strong> \u00e9s a <strong>path<\/strong> egy r\u00e9sz\u00e9nek elhagy\u00e1s\u00e1val:\u00a0<strong>indpex.php?page=services<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A Query stringben szerepl\u0151 kulcs-\u00e9rt\u00e9k p\u00e1rokat (key1=value1) a PHP k\u00f3db\u00f3l a <span class=\"lang:default decode:true crayon-inline \">$_GET<\/span>\u00a0 <a href=\"http:\/\/webfejlesztes.gtportal.eu\/index.php?f0=6_array_03\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"  class=\"wp-links-icon\">asszociat\u00edv t\u00f6mb\u00f6n<\/a> kereszt\u00fcl lehet el\u00e9rni:\u00a0<span class=\"lang:php decode:true crayon-inline\">&lt;?php $page = $_GET[&#8216;page&#8217;]; ?&gt;<\/span>\u00a0. Tegy\u00fck ezt a k\u00f3dot, valahova az oldal elej\u00e9re, l\u00e9nyeg, hogy el\u0151tt legyen miel\u0151tt a <span class=\"lang:default decode:true crayon-inline \">$page<\/span>\u00a0 v\u00e1ltoz\u00f3t haszn\u00e1ljuk, mivel ezzel adunk a v\u00e1ltoz\u00f3nak \u00e9rt\u00e9ket.<\/p>\n<p>Ezzel l\u00e9nyeg\u00e9ben k\u00e9sz is az oldal:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"height-set:true height:400 lang:default decode:true\">&lt;?php $page = $_GET['page']; ?&gt;\r\n&lt;!DOCTYPE html&gt;\r\n&lt;html&gt;\r\n&lt;head&gt;\r\n\t&lt;meta charset=\"utf-8\"&gt;\r\n\t&lt;title&gt;Title...&lt;\/title&gt;\r\n\t&lt;link rel=\"stylesheet\" type=\"text\/css\" href=\"styles.css\"&gt;\r\n&lt;\/head&gt;\r\n&lt;body&gt;\r\n\t&lt;div id=\"wrapper\"&gt;\r\n\t\t&lt;div id=\"header\"&gt;\r\n\t\t   #header\r\n\t\t\t&lt;h1&gt;Az oldal c\u00edme&lt;\/h1&gt;\r\n\t\t&lt;\/div&gt;\r\n\t\t&lt;div id=\"nav\"&gt;\r\n\t\t\t&lt;ul&gt;\r\n\t\t\t\t&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=\"index.php?page=home\"&gt;Home&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/li&gt;\r\n\t\t\t\t&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=\"index.php?page=products\"&gt;Products&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/li&gt;\r\n\t\t\t\t&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=\"index.php?page=services\"&gt;Services&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/li&gt;\r\n\t\t\t\t&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=\"index.php?page=about\"&gt;About Us&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/li&gt;\r\n\t\t\t\t&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=\"index.php?page=contact\"&gt;Contact&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/li&gt;\r\n\t\t\t&lt;\/ul&gt;\r\n\t\t&lt;\/div&gt;\r\n\t\t&lt;div id=\"content\"&gt;\r\n\t\t\t&lt;?php include_once(\"inc\/\" . $page . \".php\"); ?&gt;\r\n\t\t&lt;\/div&gt;\r\n\t\t&lt;div id=\"sidebar\"&gt;\r\n\t\t   #sidebar \r\n\t\t&lt;\/div&gt;\r\n\t\t&lt;div class=\"clear\"&gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\r\n\t\t&lt;div id=\"footer\"&gt;\r\n\t\t\t#footer\r\n\t\t&lt;\/div&gt;\r\n\t&lt;\/div&gt;\r\n&lt;\/body&gt;\r\n&lt;\/html&gt;<\/pre>\n<h2>Hib\u00e1k<\/h2>\n<p>Az el\u0151z\u0151ekben l\u00e1thattuk hogyan lehet megfelel\u0151 hivatkoz\u00e1sokkal \u00e9s a PHP beilleszt\u00e9si f\u00fcggv\u00e9nyeivel nagyon egyszer\u0171 m\u00f3don dinamikuss\u00e1 tenni az oldalt. N\u00e9h\u00e1ny dolog azonban kimaradt, amit jav\u00edtani kell.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>hi\u00e1nyos \/ hib\u00e1s \u00a0URL-ek kezel\u00e9se<\/li>\n<li>hi\u00e1nyzik az akt\u00edv men\u00fcpont kiemel\u00e9se<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>Hi\u00e1nyos \/ hib\u00e1s URL-ek kezel\u00e9se<\/h3>\n<p>Az oldal csak akkor m\u0171k\u00f6dik megfelel\u0151en, ha az URL-ben van query string, amib\u0151l a $page v\u00e1ltoz\u00f3 \u00e9rt\u00e9ke kiolvashat\u00f3. A felhaszn\u00e1l\u00f3 \u00e1ltal\u00e1ban nem azt \u00edrja a b\u00f6ng\u00e9sz\u0151be, hogy <strong>akarmi.hu\/index.php?page=home<\/strong>, hanem csak annyit, hogy <strong>akarmi.hu<\/strong>. Ilyen esetben nem m\u0171k\u00f6dik az oldal, mivel a query string hi\u00e1ny\u00e1ban a $page v\u00e1ltoz\u00f3 nem fog \u00e9rt\u00e9ket kapni, \u00e9s amikor az <span class=\"lang:default decode:true crayon-inline \">include_once()<\/span>\u00a0 fv. param\u00e9ter\u00e9ben hivatkozunk r\u00e1, akkor olyan f\u00e1jlt szeretn\u00e9nk megnyitni ami nem l\u00e9tezik (inc\/.php):<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.zeon.nz\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image_2016-05-03_15-52-46.png\"  ><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-285 size-medium\" src=\"http:\/\/www.zeon.nz\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image_2016-05-03_15-52-46-560x134.png\" alt=\"image_2016-05-03_15-52-46\" width=\"560\" height=\"134\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.zeon.nz\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image_2016-05-03_15-52-46-560x134.png 560w, https:\/\/www.zeon.nz\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image_2016-05-03_15-52-46-300x72.png 300w, https:\/\/www.zeon.nz\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image_2016-05-03_15-52-46-260x62.png 260w, https:\/\/www.zeon.nz\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image_2016-05-03_15-52-46-160x38.png 160w, https:\/\/www.zeon.nz\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2016\/04\/image_2016-05-03_15-52-46.png 750w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 560px) 100vw, 560px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Ezt \u00fagy lehet jav\u00edtani, hogy ha hi\u00e1nyzik az URL-b\u0151l a query string, akkor alap\u00e9rtelmezetten a kezd\u0151oldalt (Home) t\u00f6ltj\u00fck be. Vizsg\u00e1ljuk meg teh\u00e1t, hogy van-e a query stringben page v\u00e1ltoz\u00f3, ha van akkor ennek \u00e9rt\u00e9ke ker\u00fclj\u00f6n a $page v\u00e1ltoz\u00f3ba, k\u00fcl\u00f6nben pedig a &#8216;home&#8217;. Cser\u00e9lj\u00fck le a<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang:php decode:true\">&lt;?php $page = $_GET['page']; ?&gt;\r\n<\/pre>\n<p>r\u00e9szt a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151re:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang:php decode:true\">&lt;?php \r\n  if (isset($_GET['page'])) \r\n    $page = $_GET['page']; \r\n  else \r\n    $page = \"home\"; \r\n?&gt;<\/pre>\n<p>Szint\u00e9n hiba\u00fczenetet kapunk, ha valaki v\u00e9letlen\u00fcl vagy sz\u00e1nd\u00e9kosan hib\u00e1s \u00e9rt\u00e9ket ad meg a <strong>page<\/strong> v\u00e1ltoz\u00f3nak az URL-ben. Pl. a b\u00f6ng\u00e9sz\u0151 c\u00edmsor\u00e1ba beg\u00e9pelve az akarmi.hu\/index.php?page=<strong>ooopps<\/strong> c\u00edmet, szint\u00e9n hib\u00e1t kapunk, mert az <strong>ooopps.php<\/strong> f\u00e1jl nem l\u00e9tezik. Ilyenkor is tehetn\u00e9nk azt, hogy a kezd\u0151lapot t\u00f6ltj\u00fck be, de mivel itt valami t\u00e9ved\u00e9sr\u0151l van sz\u00f3, ez\u00e9rt c\u00e9lszer\u0171bb valami kultur\u00e1ltabb t\u00e1j\u00e9koztat\u00e1st adni, hogy a keresett oldal nem l\u00e9tezik.<\/p>\n<p>Hozzunk l\u00e9tre az <strong>inc<\/strong> mapp\u00e1ban egy <strong>404.php<\/strong> f\u00e1jlt, \u00e9s tegy\u00fcnk bele valamilyen teszt\u0151leges HTML tartalmat, ami nem l\u00e9tez\u0151 f\u00e1jl hib\u00e1j\u00e1ra figyelmeztet.<\/p>\n<p>M\u00f3dos\u00edtani kell a <span class=\"lang:default decode:true crayon-inline \">content<\/span>\u00a0 div-et is, hogy megvizsg\u00e1ljuk, hogy l\u00e9tezik-e a <span class=\"lang:default decode:true crayon-inline \">$page<\/span>\u00a0 v\u00e1ltoz\u00f3ban megadott nev\u0171 f\u00e1jl. Ha l\u00e9tezik akkor azt t\u00f6ltj\u00fck be, ha nem akkor <strong>404.php<\/strong>-t:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true \">&lt;?php\r\n\tif(file_exists(\"inc\/\" . $page . \".php\")) {\r\n\t\tinclude_once(\"inc\/\" . $page . \".php\");\r\n\t} else {\r\n\t\tinclude_once(\"inc\/404.php\");\r\n\t}\r\n?&gt;\r\n<\/pre>\n<blockquote><p>Az <a href=\"http:\/\/php.net\/manual\/en\/function.isset.php\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"  class=\"wp-links-icon\">isset() PHP f\u00fcggv\u00e9ny<\/a> logikai igaz (true) \u00e9rt\u00e9ket ad vissza, ha a param\u00e9terk\u00e9nt \u00e1tadott v\u00e1ltoz\u00f3 l\u00e9tezik \u00e9s \u00e9rt\u00e9ke nem NULL.<\/p>\n<p>A <a href=\"http:\/\/php.net\/manual\/en\/function.file-exists.php\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"external nofollow\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"  class=\"wp-links-icon\">file_exists() PHP f\u00fcggv\u00e9ny<\/a> logikai igaz \u00e9rt\u00e9ket ad vissza, ha a param\u00e9terk\u00e9nt \u00e1tadott f\u00e1jl\u00a0vagy k\u00f6nyvt\u00e1r l\u00e9tezik, k\u00fcl\u00f6nben hamisat.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h3>Az akt\u00edv men\u00fcpont kiemel\u00e9se<\/h3>\n<p>Ahhoz, hogy az akt\u00edv men\u00fcpont kiemel\u00e9se m\u0171k\u00f6dj\u00f6n, mindig\u00a0az aktu\u00e1lis men\u00fcpontra kell tenni akt\u00edv oszt\u00e1lyt (<span class=\"lang:xhtml decode:true crayon-inline \">class=&#8221;active&#8221;<\/span>\u00a0). Mivel \u00edgy a men\u00fcnk HTML k\u00f3dja is dinamikusan fog v\u00e1ltozni, ezt is csak a PHP-vel tudjuk megoldani. Szint\u00e9n j\u00f3 lenne, ha men\u00fcpontokat b\u00e1rmikor k\u00f6nnyed\u00e9n tudn\u00e1nk m\u00f3dos\u00edtani, \u00e9s gyorsan hozz\u00e1f\u00e9rhet\u0151 lenne. Ad\u00f3dik h\u00e1t a k\u00f6vetkeztet\u00e9s, hogy tegy\u00fck men\u00fcpontok egy k\u00fcl\u00f6n \u00e1llom\u00e1nyba, \u00e9s t\u00e1roljuk \u0151ket egy t\u00f6mbben, m\u00e9gpedig a m\u00e1r eml\u00edtett asszociat\u00edv fajt\u00e1ban. Hozzunk l\u00e9tre az <strong>inc<\/strong> mapp\u00e1ban egy <strong>menu.php<\/strong> f\u00e1jlt a k\u00f6vetkez\u0151 tartalommal:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang:php decode:true \">&lt;?php\r\n  $pages = array(\r\n    'home' =&gt; 'Home',\r\n    'products' =&gt; 'Products',\r\n    'services' =&gt; 'Services',\r\n    'about' =&gt; 'About Us',\r\n    'contact' =&gt; 'Contact'\r\n  );\r\n?&gt;<\/pre>\n<p>Az <strong>index.php<\/strong>-ben \u00fagy fogjuk m\u00f3dos\u00edtani a <span class=\"lang:default decode:true crayon-inline \">nav<\/span>\u00a0 elemet, hogy el\u0151sz\u00f6r beillesztj\u00fck a <strong>menu.php<\/strong>-t, majd a men\u00fct alkot\u00f3 list\u00e1t egy <span class=\"lang:default decode:true crayon-inline \">for<\/span>\u00a0 ciklussal fogjuk legener\u00e1lni, mik\u00f6zben megvizsg\u00e1ljuk, hogy melyik az akt\u00edv elem, \u00e9s arra r\u00e1tessz\u00fck az <span class=\"lang:default decode:true crayon-inline \">active<\/span>\u00a0 oszt\u00e1lyt:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\">&lt;div id=\"nav\"&gt;\r\n    &lt;?php include_once(\"inc\/_menu.php\"); ?&gt;\r\n    &lt;ul&gt;\r\n      &lt;?php\r\n        foreach($pages as $page_id =&gt; $page_title) {\r\n          if ($page == $page_id) {\r\n            echo '&lt;li&gt;&lt;a class=\"active\" href=\"index.php?page=' . $page_id . '\"&gt;' . $page_title . '&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/li&gt;';\r\n          } else {\r\n            echo '&lt;li&gt;&lt;a href=\"index.php?page=' . $page_id . '\"&gt;' . $page_title . '&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/li&gt;';\r\n          }\r\n        }\r\n      ?&gt;\r\n    &lt;\/ul&gt;\r\n&lt;\/div&gt;<\/pre>\n<h3>R\u00f6vid\u00edt\u00e9sek \u00e9s ugra-bugra<\/h3>\n<p>A fenti p\u00e9lda j\u00f3l m\u0171k\u00f6dik, de az <span class=\"lang:default decode:true crayon-inline \">echo<\/span>\u00a0 utas\u00edt\u00e1s (amit arra haszn\u00e1lhatunk, hogy a PHP k\u00f3db\u00f3l HTML k\u00f3dot \u00edrjunk ki) el\u00e9g nehezen \u00e1ttekinthet\u0151. Ennek\u00a0az az oka, hogy a <span class=\"lang:default decode:true crayon-inline \">echo<\/span>\u00a0-val ki\u00edrand\u00f3 HTML k\u00f3dot aposztr\u00f3fok k\u00f6z\u00f6tt, string param\u00e9terk\u00e9nt adjuk \u00e1t. Ily m\u00f3don minden szintaxis kiemel\u00e9ssel rendelkez\u0151 sz\u00f6vegszerkeszt\u0151 egy sz\u00ednnel fogja jel\u00f6lni:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang:php decode:true\">echo '&lt;li&gt;&lt;a class=\"active\" href=\"index.php?page=';<\/pre>\n<p>HTML k\u00f3dk\u00e9nt:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang:xhtml decode:true \">&lt;li&gt;&lt;a class=\"active\" href=\"index.php?page=<\/pre>\n<p>Megold\u00e1st az jelentheti, hogy ahol HTML k\u00f3dot akarunk ki\u00edrni, ott egyszer\u0171en kil\u00e9p\u00fcnk (kiugrunk) a PHP m\u00f3db\u00f3l, meg\u00edrjuk a HTML r\u00e9szt, majd vissza a PHP-be, mindezt ak\u00e1r egy PHP utas\u00edt\u00e1s k\u00f6zben is megtehetj\u00fck:<\/p>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\">&lt;div id=\"nav\"&gt;\r\n    &lt;?php include_once(\"inc\/_menu.php\"); ?&gt;\r\n    &lt;ul&gt;\r\n        &lt;?php foreach($pages as $page_id =&gt; $page_title) { ?&gt;\r\n        &lt;li&gt;&lt;a &lt;?=($page == $page_id) ? 'class=\"active\"' : '' ?&gt; \r\n                href=\"index.php?page=&lt;?=$page_id ?&gt;\"&gt;&lt;?=$page_title?&gt;&lt;\/a&gt;&lt;\/li&gt;\r\n        &lt;?php } ?&gt;\r\n    &lt;\/ul&gt;\r\n&lt;\/div&gt;<\/pre>\n<p>Tov\u00e1bbi egyszer\u0171s\u00edt\u00e9sre ad lehet\u0151s\u00e9get, hogy ott ahol mindenk\u00e9ppen <span class=\"lang:default decode:true crayon-inline \">echo<\/span>\u00a0-val kell ki\u00edrni valamit (pl. egy v\u00e1ltoz\u00f3 \u00e9rt\u00e9k\u00e9t: <span class=\"lang:php decode:true crayon-inline\">&lt;?php echo $page_title; ?&gt;<\/span>\u00a0) ott haszn\u00e1ljuk a <span class=\"lang:default decode:true crayon-inline \">echo<\/span>\u00a0 r\u00f6vid alakj\u00e1t: <span class=\"lang:php decode:true crayon-inline\">&lt;?=$page_title?&gt;<\/span>\u00a0.\u00a0L\u00e9nyeges, hogy az\u00e1ltal, hogy a PHP \u00e9s a HTML m\u00f3d k\u00f6z\u00f6tt ki-be l\u00e9pked\u00fcnk, a v\u00e9geredm\u00e9ny nem fog v\u00e1ltozni.<\/p>\n<p>Ez csak <strong>egy<\/strong> p\u00e9lda volt a men\u00fc dinamikuss\u00e1 t\u00e9tel\u00e9re, sz\u00e1mtalan m\u00e1s megold\u00e1s is megval\u00f3s\u00edthat\u00f3.<\/p>\n<h2>Shortings<\/h2>\n<blockquote>\n<h3>open_short_tag<\/h3>\n<p>A PHP alap\u00e9rtelmezett nyit\u00f3 tag-je a <span class=\"lang:php decode:true crayon-inline\">&lt;?php<\/span>\u00a0. Ugyanakkor l\u00e9tezik egy r\u00f6vid nyit\u00f3 tag is <span class=\"lang:php decode:true crayon-inline \">&lt;? &#8230; ?&gt;<\/span>\u00a0 alakban, aminek haszn\u00e1lata nem javasolt, mert XML k\u00f3dok (<span class=\"lang:default decode:true crayon-inline\">&lt;?xml<\/span>\u00a0)haszn\u00e1lata eset\u00e9n gondot okozhat. Haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1hoz a <strong>php.ini<\/strong> konfigur\u00e1ci\u00f3s \u00e1llom\u00e1nyban az <span class=\"lang:default decode:true crayon-inline \">open_short_tag<\/span>\u00a0 be\u00e1ll\u00edt\u00e1st <span class=\"lang:default decode:true crayon-inline \">On<\/span>\u00a0-ra kell \u00e1llatani (<span class=\"lang:default decode:true crayon-inline \">open_short_tag = On<\/span>\u00a0).<\/p>\n<h3>short echo<\/h3>\n<p>L\u00e9tezik a echo f\u00fcggv\u00e9nynek is egy r\u00f6vid alakja: <span class=\"lang:default decode:true crayon-inline\">&lt;?=<\/span>\u00a0 form\u00e1ban. Ennek haszn\u00e1lat\u00e1hoz PHP 5.4 verzi\u00f3 el\u0151tt sz\u00fcks\u00e9g van <span class=\"lang:default decode:true crayon-inline \">open_short_tag<\/span>\u00a0 bekapcsol\u00e1s\u00e1ra, PHP 5.4-n\u00e9l \u00fajabb verzi\u00f3k eset\u00e9n viszont mindig el\u00e9rhet\u0151. Ha nem m\u0171k\u00f6dik a <span class=\"lang:php decode:true crayon-inline \">&lt;?=<\/span>\u00a0\u00a0alak, akkor <span class=\"lang:php decode:true crayon-inline \">&lt;?php echo <\/span>\u00a0-t kell \u00edrni helyette.<\/p>\n<h3>short if<\/h3>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\">( felt\u00e9tel ) ? igaz-\u00e1g : hamis-\u00e1g;<\/pre>\n<h3>short echo \u00e9s short if kombin\u00e1lva<\/h3>\n<pre class=\"lang:default decode:true\">&lt;?=($page == $page_id) ? 'class=\"active\"' : '' ?&gt;<\/pre>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>A v\u00e9geredm\u00e9ny megtekinthet\u0151 <a href=\"http:\/\/zeon.nz\/examples\/Layout-3\/index.php?page=asd\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"  target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">itt<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>El\u0151k\u00e9pzetts\u00e9g (amir\u0151l itt nem lesz sz\u00f3 vagy csak a sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges m\u00e9rt\u00e9kben): programoz\u00e1si alapismeretek, PHP nyelvi elemek (v\u00e1ltoz\u00f3k, el\u00e1gaz\u00e1s, ciklusok, t\u00f6mb\u00f6k). [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":396,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-255","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-php-mysql"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Egyszer\u0171 dinamikus oldal elrendez\u00e9s PHP-vel | SZT2<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.zeon.nz\/wordpress\/web\/php-mysql\/egyszeru-dinamikus-oldal-php-vel\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Egyszer\u0171 dinamikus oldal elrendez\u00e9s PHP-vel | SZT2\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"El\u0151k\u00e9pzetts\u00e9g (amir\u0151l itt nem lesz sz\u00f3 vagy csak a sz\u00fcks\u00e9ges m\u00e9rt\u00e9kben): programoz\u00e1si alapismeretek, PHP nyelvi elemek (v\u00e1ltoz\u00f3k, el\u00e1gaz\u00e1s, ciklusok, t\u00f6mb\u00f6k). 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